Over the past few decades, trail running has surged in popularity.Â
It’s inclusive. It’s fun.Â
Trail running is great for both elite athletes and casual runners looking for a way to escape the paved roads and immerse themselves in nature.
But where did trail running come from, and how did it grow into the global phenomenon it is today?Â
From its humble beginnings to its current status as one of the most popular outdoor activities worldwide, trail running has evolved into a sport that combines adventure, endurance, and a deep connection with the natural world.
Let’s do a deep dive into all things trail running!Â
A History of Trail Running
While trail running may seem like a modern sport, its roots stretch back thousands of years. Human beings have been running on natural terrain for centuries.
Whether to hunt for food, deliver messages, or simply travel long distances.
Makes sense once you put it that way, right?Â
We see this in examples of ancient civilisations, such as the Tarahumara people of Mexico. Made famous by the book Born to Run, they are known for their ability to run long distances on rugged trails, often barefoot or in minimal footwear.
So ‘trail running’ as we know it today certainly isn't a new form of exercise. Indeed, it’s one of the most natural human movements.
But we can, perhaps, call it a ‘modern sport’.Â
The Modern Sport of Trail Running
Trail running, as we know it today as a modern sport, began to take shape in the mid-20th century.Â
Some of the earliest recorded organised trail-running events date back to the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in the US.
Dipsea Race
One of the most iconic early races was the Dipsea Race, first held in 1905 in Marin County, California.
Although initially more of a footrace than a dedicated trail running event, the Dipsea set the stage for what became a movement focused on running through natural landscapes.
Ultramarathons
In the 1970s, ultramarathons started gaining traction. Why run a marathon when you can… run more than a marathon?Â
With the rise of ultramarathons came an increased interest in running on trails.Â
Races like the Western States Endurance Run, which covers 100 miles of rugged trails in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains, pushed the boundaries of human endurance and attracted athletes from around the world.Â
These early events helped define the essence of trail running into what we see it as today.
The Influence of Mountain and Fell Running
While trail running was emerging in the US, mountain running and fell running were gaining popularity in Europe, particularly in countries like the UK, Italy, and Switzerland.Â
These mountain and fell running traditions contributed significantly to the growth of trail running in Europe. Where we can still find it growing today!Â
Fell Running
Fell running, which involves running over steep hills and mountains, has deep cultural roots in the UK - home to many rolling hills and fells.
It has iconic races such as the Ben Nevis Race (first held in 1895) becoming a part of local traditions.
If you’ve never run the fells of the UK, you’re missing out!Â
Mountain Running
Mountain running is a similar discipline that focuses on racing up and down mountainous terrain.Â
Many European countries have a long history of mountain running events, including the prestigious Zermatt Marathon in Switzerland and the Sierre-Zinal race in the Swiss Alps.Â
The Trail Running Boom
From Niche to Mainstream
By the 1990s, trail running began to break out of its niche and enter the mainstream.Â
A combination of factors helped fuel its rise in popularity, including:
A growing interest in outdoor adventure sports.
The development of better footwear and gear specifically designed for trail running.
The rise of fitness culture and the search for new, challenging ways to stay in shape.
During this period, trail running became more organised, with races popping up in countries across the globe.Â
Organizations like the International Trail Running Association (ITRA) were established to standardise the sport, creating rules, ranking systems, and certifications for trail running events.
The development of specialised gear also played a crucial role in the sport's growth. Brands like Salomon, La Sportiva, and Hoka began to focus on trail-specific shoes, hydration systems, and lightweight running gear.Â
These innovations made trail running more accessible to a broader audience and more inclusive. Suddenly, the average runner could tackle tougher terrain with confidence.
In addition to this, media coverage of elite trail runners and races like the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) helped bring trail running into the spotlight.Â
The UTMB, which takes place in the French, Italian, and Swiss Alps, has become one of the most famous trail running events in the world. It attracts elite runners and thousands of participants each year.
Would you love a Run Weekends in the Alps?Â
Trail Running Today
Today, trail running has grown into a global phenomenon.
What was once a niche activity for adventurers has evolved into a sport enjoyed by millions around the world.Â
According to a 2019 survey by ITRA, trail running is practised by more than 20 million people worldwide.
Race participation has exploded as well.Â
In the early 2000s, only a handful of trail races were held each year. Today there are thousands of trail races on every continent. These also vary greatly, ranging from short 5-kilometre sprints to epic 100-mile ultramarathons (and more!).Â
Countries like the United States, France, Spain, and Japan have large, well-established trail running communities, but the sport is also growing rapidly in countries like South Africa, Brazil, and New Zealand.
InclusivityÂ
The sport's appeal lies in its inclusivity and accessibility.Â
Whether you're a seasoned athlete looking to test your limits or a beginner wanting to enjoy a run through the woods, trail running offers something for everyone.Â
Enjoyment
There is also something much more inclusive about being able to take your sweet time when taking part in a race. Whilst marathons and other running events may focus on time, trail running and the difficult terrain that comes with it gives you some leeway.Â
You’re no longer chasing that PB, but chasing the rush you feel on the trails as both your body and mind work together on the challenge.Â
Community
Another significant aspect of trail running’s popularity is its sense of community.Â
Unlike road running, which often focuses on speed and competition, trail running emphasizes camaraderie, mutual support, and the joy of being outdoors.
Many trail races foster a friendly, welcoming environment where runners of all abilities come together to celebrate the sport.
Plus, with trails ranging from technical mountain routes to scenic woodland paths, there’s no shortage of places to explore. You certainly won't get bored!Â
Trail Running and Mental Health
Beyond its physical benefits, trail running has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health.Â
The combination of running and being in nature provides a powerful boost to both physical and emotional well-being.Â
Studies have shown that spending time in nature reduces stress, improves mood, and enhances focus while running helps release endorphins.
For many trail runners, the sport becomes a form of moving meditation.Â
The rhythmic motion of running, combined with the ever-changing terrain, allows for a unique focus that helps clear the mind. Whether tackling a steep ascent or cruising along a forest trail, trail running offers an escape from the stresses of everyday life.
The Future of Trail Running
A continued trend or has it reached its peak?Â
As trail running continues to grow, its future looks bright.Â
Environmental sustainability is becoming a core focus, with many races and trail running organizations promoting eco-friendly practices like reducing waste, respecting natural habitats, and encouraging participants to "leave no trace."
Moreover, trail running's increasing presence in popular culture, social media, and fitness communities ensures that its popularity will only continue to rise.Â
Its aestheticness running in often beautiful places certainly helps with this!Â
Whether through organised races or personal adventures, it seems that trail running has cemented its place as a beloved outdoor activity for runners of all levels.
So, see you out on the trails?
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